The content describes a battery status indicator circuit that is also effective at showing irrespective of whether the battery condition is good, bad or damaged.
The concept in this article looks after all the guidelines necessary for charging a battery preferably and securely.
Talking about the demonstrated battery charging fault indicator circuit, the design might be recognized with the aid of the following factors:
The IC LM3915 that could be a dot/bar LED show driver IC forms the main charging indicator module of the circuit.
It's pin5 is the sensing input, the rising battery voltage is felt when it reaches this pin along with the IC replies to it by creating a consequently sequencing LED illumination across its 10 outputs, as proven with the 10 associated LEDs.
A LM317 IC may also be observed connected at the input of the circuit, it's wired as a continuing current generator to ensure that the circuit has the capacity to generate error free indications and procedures no matter the input current level. Rx is chosen surely to be able to allow this properly.
When power is turned on, the 100uF/25V capacitor across the pin5 preset of the IC briefly grounds pin5 to ensure that all the outputs of the IC commence by remaining turn off. This will be significant to make certain that the TIP122 has the capacity to start the charging method along with the BC557 is inhibited from an accidental turn on as a result of the initial surge transients.
The moment the 100uF is charged up, pin5 is permitted to feel the actual voltage which is been employed by the battery while it's been charged, that ought to be generally anywhere around 3 to 3.3V for a fully discharged 3.7V Li-ion battery.
Right here each LED might be set to show an increment of 0.42V, signifying that the illumination of the 10th LED implies 4.2V which can be believed to be the battery full charge level indication.
This actually also suggests that during power ON, 7 LEDs needs to be lighted to show a proper battery discharge level and charging method.
Less that 7 LEDs lighted would certainly show a badly discharged battery or a damaged battery acquiring excess current than the specified range.
With all the LEDs illuminating during power turn on would certainly suggest possibly the battery is fully charged or the battery is not accepting charge and is defective.
Under regular situations, around 7/8 LEDs ought to be lighted at power switch ON and as the battery voltage raises as a result of charging, the LEDs are likely to sequence by illuminating the 8th, 9th and the 10th LED consequently.
Once the 10th LED is illuminated, a low logic is delivered to the base of the TIP122 that could be now inhibited from a base bias and the charging voltage to the battery is hence discontinued, switching off the charging voltage to the battery.
The low logic from the 10th pin can be delivered to the base of the demonstrated BC557 which performs and attaches pin5 of the IC straight to the 5V supply ensuring the 10th LED turns into latched along with the circumstance is locked until power is switched OFF and ON for further measures.
Easy methods to the establish the described battery problem with indicator circuit
It's the simplest part in the design.
Initially do no hook up any battery across the shown points.
Apply an accurate 4.2V at the input.
Now begin adjusting the pin5 preset such that the LEDs light up consequently along with the 10th LED simply lights up brightly.
Seal the peset once this is established.
Your circuit is well prepared now for the offered battery fault symptoms as well as charge level indications.
Battery Fault indicator utilizing a Flashing LED.
The following modify demonstrates a less complicated design that could be useful for showing a battery charging malfunction by means of a flashing LED
In the beginning both the opamp outputs might be believed to be low, if the battery is discharged below 11V, this can be suggested with a quick blinking of the LED. C1 needs to be set for accomplishing this fast blinking.
The lower opamps is focused employing pin5 preset such that after the attached 12V battery actually reaches around 12.5V, its output pin goes high, once such things happen the BC547 generates and provides a high value capacitor C2 in parallel with C1 slowing down the flashing rate considerably and showing that the battery has moved into the next upper charging stage as well as that the battery is good as well as being taking the charge properly.
As the battery goes on to get charged and receives a voltage level of around 14V, the upper opamp that could be set utilizing pin3 preset to activate at this moment causes and makes a high across the attached LED stopping its flashing and illuminating it to solid.
As soon as such things happen the user may believe the battery to have reached the optimal charging level and may remove it from the charger.
How the fault of the battery charging is Mentioned in the above circuit
1) If the LED blink quickly might at first suggest that the hooked up battery is over discharged, but yet this problem ought to get better along with the LED ought to transit into a slow flashing after an hour or so based upon the sate of the battery. If this is not going to take place, the battery might be believed not agreeing to the charge as a result of internal problems or short circuit.
2) If the LED illuminates solid when power is turned on would clearly reveal a damaged battery which can be totally inactive internally and not able to accept any current.
The above design is generally improved for an automatic over charge cut off by means of certain modification as demonstrated in the following diagram:
Although establishing the two presets be certain that the 100K link continues to be turned off in the upper opamp.
After establishing the thresholds, the 100k link may be reconnected into position.
The circuit is not going to start until a battery is attached, so ensure that the battery to be charged is first hooked up after which you can power is turned on.
For a 3.7V battery, the 4.7V zener ought to be replaced with two.
The concept in this article looks after all the guidelines necessary for charging a battery preferably and securely.
Talking about the demonstrated battery charging fault indicator circuit, the design might be recognized with the aid of the following factors:
The IC LM3915 that could be a dot/bar LED show driver IC forms the main charging indicator module of the circuit.
It's pin5 is the sensing input, the rising battery voltage is felt when it reaches this pin along with the IC replies to it by creating a consequently sequencing LED illumination across its 10 outputs, as proven with the 10 associated LEDs.
A LM317 IC may also be observed connected at the input of the circuit, it's wired as a continuing current generator to ensure that the circuit has the capacity to generate error free indications and procedures no matter the input current level. Rx is chosen surely to be able to allow this properly.
When power is turned on, the 100uF/25V capacitor across the pin5 preset of the IC briefly grounds pin5 to ensure that all the outputs of the IC commence by remaining turn off. This will be significant to make certain that the TIP122 has the capacity to start the charging method along with the BC557 is inhibited from an accidental turn on as a result of the initial surge transients.
The moment the 100uF is charged up, pin5 is permitted to feel the actual voltage which is been employed by the battery while it's been charged, that ought to be generally anywhere around 3 to 3.3V for a fully discharged 3.7V Li-ion battery.
Right here each LED might be set to show an increment of 0.42V, signifying that the illumination of the 10th LED implies 4.2V which can be believed to be the battery full charge level indication.
This actually also suggests that during power ON, 7 LEDs needs to be lighted to show a proper battery discharge level and charging method.
Less that 7 LEDs lighted would certainly show a badly discharged battery or a damaged battery acquiring excess current than the specified range.
With all the LEDs illuminating during power turn on would certainly suggest possibly the battery is fully charged or the battery is not accepting charge and is defective.
Under regular situations, around 7/8 LEDs ought to be lighted at power switch ON and as the battery voltage raises as a result of charging, the LEDs are likely to sequence by illuminating the 8th, 9th and the 10th LED consequently.
Once the 10th LED is illuminated, a low logic is delivered to the base of the TIP122 that could be now inhibited from a base bias and the charging voltage to the battery is hence discontinued, switching off the charging voltage to the battery.
The low logic from the 10th pin can be delivered to the base of the demonstrated BC557 which performs and attaches pin5 of the IC straight to the 5V supply ensuring the 10th LED turns into latched along with the circumstance is locked until power is switched OFF and ON for further measures.
Easy methods to the establish the described battery problem with indicator circuit
It's the simplest part in the design.
Initially do no hook up any battery across the shown points.
Apply an accurate 4.2V at the input.
Now begin adjusting the pin5 preset such that the LEDs light up consequently along with the 10th LED simply lights up brightly.
Seal the peset once this is established.
Your circuit is well prepared now for the offered battery fault symptoms as well as charge level indications.
Battery Fault indicator utilizing a Flashing LED.
The following modify demonstrates a less complicated design that could be useful for showing a battery charging malfunction by means of a flashing LED
In the beginning both the opamp outputs might be believed to be low, if the battery is discharged below 11V, this can be suggested with a quick blinking of the LED. C1 needs to be set for accomplishing this fast blinking.
The lower opamps is focused employing pin5 preset such that after the attached 12V battery actually reaches around 12.5V, its output pin goes high, once such things happen the BC547 generates and provides a high value capacitor C2 in parallel with C1 slowing down the flashing rate considerably and showing that the battery has moved into the next upper charging stage as well as that the battery is good as well as being taking the charge properly.
As the battery goes on to get charged and receives a voltage level of around 14V, the upper opamp that could be set utilizing pin3 preset to activate at this moment causes and makes a high across the attached LED stopping its flashing and illuminating it to solid.
As soon as such things happen the user may believe the battery to have reached the optimal charging level and may remove it from the charger.
How the fault of the battery charging is Mentioned in the above circuit
1) If the LED blink quickly might at first suggest that the hooked up battery is over discharged, but yet this problem ought to get better along with the LED ought to transit into a slow flashing after an hour or so based upon the sate of the battery. If this is not going to take place, the battery might be believed not agreeing to the charge as a result of internal problems or short circuit.
2) If the LED illuminates solid when power is turned on would clearly reveal a damaged battery which can be totally inactive internally and not able to accept any current.
The above design is generally improved for an automatic over charge cut off by means of certain modification as demonstrated in the following diagram:
Although establishing the two presets be certain that the 100K link continues to be turned off in the upper opamp.
After establishing the thresholds, the 100k link may be reconnected into position.
The circuit is not going to start until a battery is attached, so ensure that the battery to be charged is first hooked up after which you can power is turned on.
For a 3.7V battery, the 4.7V zener ought to be replaced with two.
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